LED Zaub Pixel: Txhais, Tshuab, thiab Kev Xaiv Cov Lus Qhia
Kev txhais lus - Dab tsi yog qhov LED zaub Pixel?
IbLED zaub pixelyog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws controllable unit ntawm LED zaub uas ua rau ib tug tshwj xeeb xim thiab brightness. Txhua pixel yog tsim los ntawm liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav (RGB) lub teeb -emitting diodes uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv los ua kom pom tag nrho cov xim.
Lub sijhawm - Pixel:Luv luv rau "daim duab element." Hauv ibLED zaub pixel, txhua pixel muaj tsawg kawg yog peb tus kheej LED chips: ib tug liab, ib ntsuab, thiab ib tug xiav. Los ntawm kev kho qhov ci ntawm txhua xim, lub pixel tuaj yeem tsim ntau lab xim.
Lub sij hawm - SMD (Nto-Mount Device):Lub tshuab ntim khoom siv tshaj plaws rauLED zaub pixelunits. Hauv SMD, tag nrho peb lub RGB chips tau teeb tsa hauv ib pob, tsim kom muaj kev sib cog lus, siab - daws teeb meem pixel. SMD dominates kev lag luam zaub rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
Lub Sij Hawm - DIP (Dual Hauv - kab pob):Lub tshuab ntim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qub uas muaj xim liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav LEDs sib cais, dhau ntawm - qhov khoom. DIP muaj ntau dua brightness thiab zoo dua tshav kub dissipation tab sis qis dua. Feem ntausab nraum zoov coj zaub pixelkev daws teeb meem rau cov ntawv loj loj tseem siv DIP.
Anatomy ntawm Ib Leeg LED Zaub Pixel:
| Cheebtsam | Muaj nuj nqi | Khoom siv |
|---|---|---|
| Liab LED nti | Emits liab teeb | Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP) |
| Ntsuab LED nti | Emits ntsuab teeb | Indium Gallium nitride (InGaN) |
| Blue LED nti | Emits xiav lub teeb | Indium Gallium nitride (InGaN) |
| Phosphor txheej | Hloov xiav rau dawb (rau dawb LEDs) | YAG: Ce (yttrium aluminium garnet nrog cerium) |
| Lens / encapsulant | Tiv thaiv chips thiab coj lub teeb | Epoxy los yog silicone resin |
| Substrate | Kev them nyiaj yug tshuab thiab cua sov dissipation | Sapphire los yog silicon carbide |
| Cov hlua khi | Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob | Kub los yog tooj liab hlau |
Tiag -Lub Ntiaj Teb Scenario - Yuav ua li cas LED Zaub Pixels cuam tshuam cov kev siv sib txawv
Scenario 1 - Billboard Uas Tsim Ib Daim Duab
Txoj kev loj loj yog 100 ko taw dav thiab saib ntawm 200+ ko taw deb. CovLED zaub pixelpitch yog P10 (10mm ntawm pixels). Los ntawm 200 ko taw, tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ib tus neeg pixels - lub qhov muag nruab nrab cov xim nyob ib sab los tsim cov duab du. Qhov no yog hu ua "pixel blending."
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm kwv yees li 3,000 × 1,200 pixels (3.6 lab pixels). Txhualoj coj zaub pixelyog qhov loj (5mm × 5mm) thiab muaj zog txaus rau huab cua sab nraum zoov. Cov chaw tsim khoom siv DIP thev naus laus zis rau qhov ci siab tshaj plaws (8,000 nits).
Scenario 2 – Chav tswj uas qhia meej meej
Chav tswj hluav taws xob muaj lub phab ntsa yees duab saib ntawm tsuas yog 6 feet deb. Cov zaub siv azoo pitch coj zaub pixelnrog P1.2 suab (1.2mm ntawm pixels). Txhuame me coj zaub pixeltsuas yog 0.5mm × 0.5mm. Kev daws teeb meem yog 4K (3,840 × 2,160 pixels=8.3 lab pixels ib 100 sq ft).
Tus neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntawv me me ntawm daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv lo vim txhua tushigh density coj zaub pixelyog ntim kom nruj. Cov chaw tsim khoom siv SMD thev naus laus zis nrog 16-ntsis grey nplai rau cov gradients du hauv huab cua radar maps.
Scenario 3 - Lub Khw Muag Khoom Qhov rai uas qhia cov ntsiab lus dynamic
Lub khw muag khoom siv P2.5LED zaub pixelsystem qab lub qhov rais iav. Los ntawm 10 feet deb, lubsab hauv tsev coj zaub pixelqhov sib nrug tsim cov duab du. Tus neeg saib xyuas lub khw hloov cov ntsiab lus txhua hnub siv huab -raws li CMS.
Qhov xav tau tseem ceeb:xim raug coj zaub pixelkev ua tau zoo. Hom xim yuav tsum phim qhov tseeb - qhov tsis raug me ntsis liab pixel yuav ua rau lub logo tsis zoo. Cov zaub siv Hoobkas-calibrated pixels nrog ΔE (xim yuam kev) < 3.0.
Scenario 4 - Lub Chaw Ua Si Ribbon Board
Ib lub chaw ua si kis las muaj lub rooj tsav xwm ribbon qhwv ncig lub lawj sab saud. Saib kev ncua deb ntawm 50 ko taw mus rau 200 ko taw. CovLED zaub pixellub suab yog P6. Lub kaw lus muaj 2, 000+ linear taw ntawm cov zaub, txhua tus nrog 256 pixels ib ko taw.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj:pixel uniformity. Tag nrho cov pixels thoob plaws tag nrho 2,000-ko taw khiav yuav tsum tshwm sim zoo ib yam hauv qhov ci thiab xim. Variations yuav tsim ib tug patchy, unprofessional tsos.
Core Advantages ntawm kev nkag siab LED zaub Pixel Technology
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia | Kev lag luam cuam tshuam |
|---|---|---|
| Kev daws teeb meem optimization | Xaiv qhov zoo pixel pitch rau saib nyob deb | Them tsuas yog qhov kev daws teeb meem uas koj xav tau |
| Xim raug | Nkag siab txog pixel calibration | Hom xim pom tseeb |
| Kev tu efficiency | Paub pixel- theem teeb meem | Kev kho sai dua, cov nqi qis dua |
| Tus nqi optimization | Sib npaug pixel ntom nrog pob nyiaj siv | ROI zoo dua ntawm kev nqis peev |
| Yav tom ntej - pov thawj | Nkag siab txog pixel technology tiam sis | Kev txiav txim siab hloov kho kom paub meej |
Kev daws teeb meem rau LED Zaub Pixel Kev Sib Tw
Kev Sib Tw 1 - Tuag Pixels thiab Stuck Pixels
Teeb meem:Ib tug tuagLED zaub pixeltshwm raws li ib tug mus tas li dub dot ntawm qhov screen. Ib lub pixel daig zoo li lub teeb liab, ntsuab, lossis xiav dot. Ob leeg yog pom kev cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rauzoo pitch coj zaub pixelcov ntxaij vab tshaus saib ze.
Kev daws - Tiered teb:
| Hom teeb meem | Teb | Sijhawm |
|---|---|---|
| 1-3 pixels tuag (zoo pitch zaub) | Saib - tej zaum yuav tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua haujlwm | Kev ceeb toom tam sim |
| 4-10 pixels tuag | Hloov qhov cuam tshuam module | Hauv 1 lub lis piam |
| 10+ dead pixels lossis dead pixel pawg | Module hloov tam sim ntawd | Tib hnub |
| Stuck pixel (ib xim ib txwm nyob) | Sim "pixel massage" (mob siab) lossis software pib dua | Kuaj hauv 24 teev |
Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag - Tuag pixel pawg:Ib lub koom haum boardroomLED zaub pixelphab ntsa tsim ib pawg ntawm 15 tuag pixels hauv thaj tsam 2-nti. Cov pawg tau pom los ntawm cov chaw zaum. Vim tias qhov kev teeb tsa suav nrog cov khoom seem, tus kws tshaj lij hloov qhov cuam tshuam module hauv 20 feeb. Tus nqi: $ 350 rau lub module ntxiv rau 1 teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog tsis muaj khoom seem, cov zaub yuav tau saib puas kom txog thaum hloov khoom xa tuaj (2 lub lis piam).
Kev Sib Tw 2 - Xim tsis sib xws thoob plaws cov zaub
Teeb meem:txawvLED zaub pixelcov chav nyob yuav muaj xim txawv me ntsis vim yog kev tsim kev kam rau siab lossis kev laus. Ib cheeb tsam yuav zoo li liab dawb, lwm qhov ntsuab. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb raupuv xim coj zaub pixelsystems qhov twg xim - cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau qhia.
Kev daws - Calibration txheej txheem:
Initial calibration:Tom qab kev teeb tsa, tus kws tshaj lij siv lub colorimeter los ntsuas txhua pixel cov zis xim
Cov ntaub ntawv kho:Software xam cov kev hloov kho rau txhua pixel
Cov ntaub ntawv upload:Kev kho yog khaws cia rau ntawm daim npav tau txais
Tsis tu ncua calibration:Rov ua dua txhua 12-18 lub hlis lossis thaum kuaj pom xim xim
Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag – Tshav dav hlau cov ntaub ntawv qhia:Lub tshav dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb tau nruab 200LED zaub pixelpanels rau cov ntaub ntawv davhlau. Kev teeb tsa thawj zaug pom me ntsis xim sib txawv ntawm cov panels. Calibration engineers siv 3 hmo ntsuas thiab kho txhua pixel (tshaj 5 lab tus pixels). Qhov tshwm sim: visually zoo tib yam xim thoob plaws tag nrho cov zaub. Kev rov ua kom rov zoo ib xyoos ib zaug yog teem caij rau lub sijhawm tsawg - teev tsheb khiav.
Kev Sib Tw 3 - Pixel Pitch xaiv yuam kev
Teeb meem:Yuav qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawmLED zaub pixelpitch yog qhov yuam kev ntau tshaj plaws thiab kim heev. Ib lub suab me me dhau (ntau pixels) nkim nyiaj ntawm qhov tsis tsim nyog daws teeb meem. Lub suab loj dhau (ntau dhau pixels) ua rau cov ntsiab lus zoo li pixelated thiab tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev daws - Qhov "1,000x txoj cai" thiab nws cov variants:
| Saib daim ntawv thov | Txoj cai ntawm Thumb | Piv txwv |
|---|---|---|
| Kev pom zoo (kev kho mob, tsim qauv) | Qhov deb (m) × 500=max pitch | 3m × 500 = P1.5 |
| Standard saib (khoom muag, chaw ua haujlwm) | Qhov deb (m) × 1,000=max pitch | 5m × 1,000 = P5 |
| Casual saib (sports bar, kev tshwm sim) | Qhov deb (m) × 1,500=max pitch | 10m × 1,500 = P15 |
Kuaj ua ntej yuav khoom:Nug cov chaw tsim khoom rau cov qauv vaj huam sib luag. Muab tso rau ntawm qhov xav pom qhov deb. Puas yog tus qauv pixel thab koj? Yog tias muaj, xaiv lub suab me me. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom tus kheej pixels, koj muaj lub suab zoo.
Qhov tseeb tiag – kim yuam kev:Lub tsev kawm ntawv auditorium tau yuav ibsiab daws teeb meem coj zaub pixelsystem nrog P2 suab. Saib nrug yog 50-100 ko taw. Ntawm P2, cov pixels tsis pom los ntawm cov rooj zaum - cov duab saib zoo ib yam rau P4 system raug nqi 50% tsawg dua. Lub tsev kawm ntawv them nyiaj tshaj $40,000 rau kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj leej twg pom.
Kev Sib Tw 4 - Pixel Degradation dhau sijhawm
Teeb meem:Raws li ibLED zaub pixelhnub nyoog, brightness txo. Cov qauv feem ntau: xiav LEDs degrade ceev tshaj plaws, ua rau xim hloov. Tom qab 50,000 teev, cov zaub uas zoo kawg nkaus dawb yuav zoo li daj lossis pinkish.
Kev daws - Active them nyiaj:
Hais txog:Cov neeg tsim khoom txo qis tam sim no rau liab thiab ntsuab LEDs ntawm lub Hoobkas kom phim qhov nrawm dua -degrading xiav LEDs - tag nrho cov degrade ua ke.
Lumen tswj xyuas:Ua -hauv cov sensors ntsuas qhov ci thiab kho tam sim no kom tswj tau cov zis zoo ib yam.
Hloov cov voj voog:Cov peev nyiaj rau kev hloov pauv ntawm 50,000-70,000 teev rau cov khoom lag luam.
Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag - Casino zaub:Las Vegas twv txiaj yuam pov muaj 200,000-pixelLED zaub pixelphab ntsa khiav 24/7 rau 5 xyoos. Tom qab 5 xyoos, cov xim dawb tau hloov mus rau qhov pom liab liab. Cov twv txiaj yuam pov tau xaiv los hloov tag nrho cov zaub nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab (kev daws teeb meem siab dua, lub zog qis dua) dua li sim rov ua dua. Cov zaub qub raug muag mus rau lub lag luam thib ob uas cov xim - tsis tas yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
Kev Kawm Tseeb: LED Zaub Pixel Optimization rau Lub Khw Muag Khoom
Keeb kwm:Lub khw hauv cheeb tsam (500,000 sq ft, 150 lub khw muag khoom) xav txhim kho cov npe digital thiab kev tshaj tawm cov khoom siv thoob plaws hauv lub tsev. Lawv tau npaj 25 qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg (32-inch txog 120{9}}inch) nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsheb loj. Lub hom phiaj: kev pom tau siab tshaj plaws thiab kev koom tes nrog cov teeb meem ntsig txog pixel yam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Qhov kev sib tw:Ntsuas pixel suab, kev daws teeb meem, thiab pob nyiaj siv thoob plaws 25 qhov chaw nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom thiab teeb pom kev nyob ib puag ncig. Qee qhov kev qhia yuav raug saib los ntawm 3 ko taw deb (cov ntawv qhia los ntawm lub nce toj), lwm tus los ntawm 50 ko taw deb (atrium center zaub).
Xaiv cov tshuaj:
| Qhov chaw | Saib nrug deb | Xaiv Pitch | Kev daws teeb meem | Kev xav |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escalator directory | 3-10 ft | P1.8 | 4K | Nthuav cov ntawv nyeem kom ze |
| Cov khw muag khoom ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev | 15-30 ft | P2.5 | 2K | Zoo sib npaug ntawm cov nqi thiab kev pom tseeb |
| Atrium center zaub | 30-80 ft | P4 | 2K | Lub suab loj txaus rau kev ncua deb |
| Khoom noj khoom haus lub tsev hais plaub cov ntawv qhia zaub mov | 6-20 ft | P2.0 | 2K | Clarity rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov |
Pixel specification cov ntsiab lus:
LED nti:SMD 1010 (1.0mm × 1.0mm nti loj)
Grey scale:14-ntsis (16,384 qib ib xim)
Refresh tus nqi:1920Hz (tsawg kawg flicker)
Calibration:Factory-calibrated rau 6500K dawb point
Ntau pixels:5% spare modules rau txhua lub suab
Txheej txheem kev ua:
Qhov chaw tshawb fawb:2 lub lis piam - ntsuas qhov pom qhov deb thiab lub teeb ambient
Kev xaiv vaj huam sib luag:4 lub lis piam - piv cov qauv los ntawm 4 manufacturers
Kev teeb tsa:6 lub lis piam - phased los ntawm cheeb tsam (hnub so xwb, khw qhib lub lim tiam)
Calibration:1 lub lis piam – nyob rau ntawm - qhov chaw calibration los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tus kws tshaj lij
Kev cob qhia:1 lub lis piam - cov ntsiab lus tswj kev kawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv khw
Cov txiaj ntsig tom qab 12 lub hlis:
| Metric | Ua ntej (Static Signs) | Tom qab (LED zaub) |
|---|---|---|
| Kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg siv khoom | 12% pom cov cim qhia | 78% pom cov duab digital |
| Cov ntaub ntawv raug | 65% (cov khw muag khoom tsis tu ncua) | 99% (tiag - hloov tshiab lub sijhawm) |
| Cov nyiaj tau los txhawb | $120,000 / xyoo | $280,000/xyoo (+133%) |
| Tus nqi tu | $ 8,000 / xyoo (kev luam ntawv) | $ 3,200 / xyoo (kev tu, kho me me) |
| Cov neeg ua haujlwm sijhawm rau kev hloov tshiab | 40 teev / lub lim tiam | 4 teev / lub lis piam (digital updates) |
Pixel-cov lus qhia txog kev kawm:
Pixel pitch xaiv tau yog lawm:Ntawm txhua qhov chaw, lub suab xaiv tau muab cov duab ntse uas tsis tau them nyiaj ntau dhau rau kev daws teeb meem. P4 zaub hauv atrium muaj 30% tus nqi qis dua P2.5, thiab qhov txawv tsis pom los ntawm 50+ ko taw.
Calibration yog qhov tseem ceeb:P1.8 cov lus qhia (cov ntawv qhia nce qib) tau txais kev saib xyuas ntxiv vim tias lawv tau saib ze. Kev tswj kav khw tau tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab xim los ntawm 15+ P1.8 units.
Spare modules txuag lub hnub:Thaum lub sij hawm installation, 3 modules tuaj txog nrog cov pixels tuag. Vim tias lub khw tau ua ntej - xaj khoom seem (5% ntawm tag nrho), cov khoom hloov tau raug teeb tsa tam sim ntawd. Yog tsis muaj spares, qhov qhib yuav tau pom tuag pixels.
Pixel txij nkawm yog tiag tiag:Tom qab 9 lub hlis, 2 P2.5 panels tsim cov pawg pixel tuag (10+ pixels). Pab pawg saib xyuas tau hloov pauv ob lub modules hauv qab 45 feeb. Ob lub modules yog los ntawm tib batch - tej zaum yuav raug tsim. Cov chaw tsim khoom hloov lawv nyob rau hauv warranty.
Cov lus pom zoo los ntawm pab pawg tswj kav khw:
Yuav cov khoom seem thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom.Tib yam -batch spares lav xim txuam. Tom qab batch yuav tsis phim zoo kawg nkaus.
Khaws ib daim ntawv qhia module.Cov ntaub ntawv raws nraim qhov twg module tau nruab rau hauv qhov chaw twg. Thaum lub module ua tsis tiav, daim ntawv qhia qhia koj yuav mus qhov twg yam tsis tau tshawb nrhiav.
Khiav cov qauv kuaj txhua hli.Tag nrho-dawb, puv-liab, puv-ntsuab, puv-xiav, thiab grey ntsuas ntsuas qhia cov pixels tuag ntxov. Kev tshawb pom ntxov=kho yooj yim dua.
Teem caij rov ua dua txhua xyoo.Txawm tias me me xim drift yuav pom tau dhau lub sijhawm. Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam nyiaj txiag $ 5,000 / xyoo rau kev ntsuas kev tshaj lij thoob plaws txhua 25 cov lus qhia.
Qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem pixel.Kev cob qhia yooj yim (pom cov pixels tuag, qhia lawv) txo lub sijhawm teb. Lub khw tau cob qhia 3 tus neeg ua haujlwm tu cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov module.
FAQ
Q1: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm lub pixel thiab LED?
A: IbLEDyog tus kheej lub teeb -emitting diode nti. Aib pixelyog tag nrho cov xim - tsim chav tsev uas muaj ntau lub LEDs (tsawg kawg yog ib tug liab, ib ntsuab, thiab ib tug xiav). Hauv tus qauvLED zaub pixel, peb LEDs ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim cov xim. Hauv qee qhov kev qhia, txhua pixel muaj ntau yam LEDs ntawm txhua xim rau qhov ci dua. Xav txog nws li no: LEDs yog cov khoom xyaw, ib pixel yog daim ntawv qhia ua tiav uas tsim cov xim tshwj xeeb.
Q2: Kuv xav tau pes tsawg pixels rau 4K LED zaub?
A: 4K daws teeb meem yog 3,840 × 2,160 pixels=8,294,400 tag nrho pixels. Tus naj npawb ntawm lub cevLED zaub pixelunits yuav tsum nyob ntawm koj pixel pitch thiab vaj huam sib luag loj. Piv txwv li, P1.2 zaub muaj kwv yees li 694,000 pixels ib square meter. Txhawm rau ua tiav 4K daws teeb meem, koj xav tau 8.29 lab pixels, uas sib npaug li 12 square metres ntawm P1.2 panels. Yog tias koj thaj chaw tso saib loj dua 12 sq meters, koj yuav muaj ntau dua 4K pixels (cov zaub yuav pom zoo dua 4K vim tias muaj ntau pixels dua li 4K qhov chaw). Yog tias koj qhov chaw tso saib me dua, koj yuav muaj pixels tsawg dua - koj qhov chaw yuav raug txo kom haum rau cov zaub cov kev daws teeb meem.
Q3: Dab tsi ua rau tuag pixels thiab lawv tuaj yeem kho tau?
A: Tuag pixels yog tshwm sim los ntawm: (1)Kev tsim khoom tsis raug- faulty LED nti los yog tawg daim ntawv cog lus; (2)Lub cev puas tsuaj- cuam tshuam lossis siab ntawm pixel; (3)Hluav taws xob kev nyuaj siab- voltage spike los yog ESD (electrostatic paug); (4)Kev laus- LED nti tsis ua haujlwm tom qab siv txuas ntxiv.Txhim kho cov pixels tuag:Feem ntau, cov pixels tuag tsis tuaj yeem kho - qhov ua yuam kevLED zaub pixelyog hloov los ntawm swapping tag nrho module. Kev sim kho tus kheej LEDs ntawm qib tivthaiv tsis yog kev lag luam tshwj tsis yog tias koj yog cov chaw tsim khoom. Qee cov lus qhia muaj "pixel redundancy" - LEDs ntxiv uas tuaj yeem qhib tau los hloov qhov ua tsis tiav. Yog tias koj cov zaub muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no, tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem hloov kho lub teeb liab mus rau qhov rov ua dua LED yam tsis muaj lub cev hloov pauv.
Q4: Yuav ua li cas kuv xam tag nrho cov pixels rau ib qho kev cai zaub?
A: Siv cov qauv no:Tag nrho pixels=(Dav nyob rau hauv meters / Pixel suab nyob rau hauv meters) × (qhov siab nyob rau hauv meters / Pixel suab nyob rau hauv meters). Piv txwv: Koj xav tau 5m × 3m zaub nrog P2.5 (0.0025m) suab. Dav pixels=5 / 0.0025=2,000 pixels. Qhov siab pixels=3 / 0.0025=1,200 pixels. Tag nrho pixels=2,000 × 1, 200=2,400,000 pixels. Nco ntsoov txheeb xyuas nrog cov chaw tsim khoom - qhov tseeb pixel suav yuav txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag thiab cov txee loj.
Q5: Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws pixel suab rau lub khw muag khoom zaub?
A: Rau ib lub khw muag khoom uas cov neeg siv khoom sawv ntsug 5-15 ko taw ntawm cov zaub, P2.5-P3 yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Qhov no muab cov duab zoo heev yam tsis muaj tus nqi siab ntawm cov suab zoo (P1.5–P2.0). Rau qhov pom qhov rai uas pom los ntawm txoj kev (20–50 ko taw deb), P4–P5 txaus thiab tus nqi ntau dua{12}} zoo. Rau qhov ze heev- cov lus qhia (kev sib tham sib kiosks, 2–4 ko taw deb), P1.5–P1.8 raug pom zoo - ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, P2.5 yuav pom cov pixels pom. Qhov kev xyaum zoo tshaj plaws: tso ib lub vaj huam sib luag rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj thiab saib nws ntawm qhov kev ncua deb. Yog tias koj pom ib tus pixels, xaiv lub suab me me. Yog tias daim duab zoo li du, koj muaj lub suab zoo.
